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The history of Balochistan covers the history of the region of Balochistan, currently consisting of the Pakistani province of Balochistan, the Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan and the Afghan region of Balochistan. ==Pre-Islamic history== Herodotus in 650 BCE describes the ''Paraitakenoi'' as a tribe ruled by Deiokes, a Persian king, in north-western Persia (History I.101). Arrian describes how Alexander the Great encountered the ''Pareitakai'' in Bactria and Sogdiana, and had them conquered by Craterus (Anabasis Alexandrou IV). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE) describes the territory of the ''Paradon'' beyond the Ommanitic region, on the coast of modern Baluchistan.〔("New light on the Paratarajas" p29-30 )〕 The earliest evidence of human occupation in what is now Balochistan is dated to the Paleolithic era, represented by hunting camps and lithic scatters (chipped and flaked stone tools). The earliest settled villages in the region date to the ceramic Neolithic (c. 7000–6000 BCE), and included the site of Mehrgarh (located in the Kachi Plain). These villages expanded in size during the subsequent Chalcolithic, when interaction was amplified. This involved the movement of finished goods and raw materials, including chank shell, lapis lazuli, turquoise, and ceramics. By 2500 BCE (the Bronze Age), Pakistani Balochistan had become part of the Harappan cultural orbit, providing key resources to the expansive settlements of the Indus river basin to the east. Pakistani Balochistan marked the westernmost extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation. From the 1st century to the 3rd century CE, the region of nowadays Pakistani Balochistan was ruled by the Pāratarājas (lit. "Pārata Kings"), a dynasty of Indo-Scythian or Indo-Parthian kings. The Parata kings are essentially known through their coins, which typically exhibit the bust of the ruler (with long hair in a headband) on the obverse, and a swastika within a circular legend on the reverse, written in Brahmi (usually silver coins) or Kharoshthi (copper coins). These coins are mainly found in Loralai in today's western Pakistan. Arrian describes how Alexander the Great encountered the ''Pareitakai'' in Bactria and Sogdiana, and had them conquered by Craterus (Anabasis Alexandrou IV). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE) describes the territory of the ''Paradon'' beyond the Ommanitic region, on the coast of modern Balochistan.〔("New light on the Paratarajas" p29-30 )〕 The bulk of Baloch migrations from Bampoor was caused by the invasions of Genghis Khan into that region and the Balochs were given refuge in what was the greater Sindh region. Later infighting between Balochs resulted in clans led by sardars, which claimed regions within Sindh. In an effort to gain total control of the regions, the British named the area Balochistan and got the support of the Baloch Sardars who then were titled Nawabs. These Nawabs were to keep minor Baloch, Pathan and other factions in check. For the last 150 years the region has seen continual fighting to gain access to natural resources in an otherwise barren land. Iranian Balochistan has had some of the earliest human civilizations in history. The Burnt city, near Dozaap (Zahidan), dates back to 2000 BC. All of what is today known as Baluchistan was incorporated in the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid empires. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Balochistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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